1. An allatrope is a different form of an element which contains very different physical and chemical properties.
2. Nitrogen, oxygen, sulfer, and lead.
3.
A. Diamonds are very expensive. A diamond is hardest substance known, does not conduct electricity, has a very high melting point, and is very difficult to find. Coal is flammable and very inexpensive. Lead inside of a pencil, which is made out of graphite, conducts electricity, is very, and inexpensive.
B. The properties of each of these differ because, even though they all come from the same element, they are allotropes of carbon, so they have different atomic arrangements.
C. he structure of carbon atoms in a diamond gives it its high melting point, hard shell, and rareness, which then causes it to be very expensive. The atomic makeup of graphite and coal causes them to be more common, reactive, and softer; thus, they cost less.
4. Engineered materials are materials made by scientists or engineers to improve natural materials by manufacturing methods that control the microstructure of materials. The makeup of natural materials is untouched and uncontrolled.
5. Ceramics are sturdy and have extremely high melting points. They are also strong at high temperatures; but, ceramics are brittle and when they are in high heat, or very cold, they crack.
6. Plastics can be customized to be either soft or hard, and it can also be made into optical fibers. Optical fibers replace copper wires, as well.
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