1. I think that the class as a whole has worked very well. We all got along extremely well and had a great time together, which made the class ten times more fun.
2. I think the homework load could be lessened a little bit; however, I really enjoyed the course and I don't think it needs a lot of change. Although, the math section was fairly tough for me and I think the review of it could've been handled a little better.
3. I think it would be a good idea to focus and spend more time on the Economist presentations (maybe a week). We could do them with a partner and expand the presentation by making a funny movie or a poster.
4. We could update our blogs more often, or do blog checks on each blog once a day.
5. I think that for further reference, it may be a good idea to check every blog for homework, just to ensure that the homework has been completed by every student.
6. I love the idea of interactive tests and learning, for example: learning songs and fun tricks to memorize things, or playing games to learn new things. I also like the idea of drawing fun little things on tests and quizzes. Lastly, I think that we should be able to use our immaginations freely all the time, even during a test or quiz.
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Wednesday, July 24, 2013
Final Extra Credit Project
The toughest streets of Kent are to be found in these little pink boxes; that is, at least they are if you look at them through the crime-prediction software produced by PredPol. Crimes commonly committed in Kent, England show up on PredPol’s maps highlighted by pink squares. The predictions are very spot in, in fact, according to Mark Johnson, a police analyst: “In the first box I visited we found a carving knife just lying in the road.” PredPol is one of a range of tools using better data to predict the scene and possible cause of a crime. During a four-month trial in Kent, 8.5% of all street crime occurred within PredPol’s pink boxes, with plenty more next door to them; predictions from police analysts scored only 5%. However, PredPol also brings worries about privacy, and of justice systems run by machines not people. This brings up a worry that police officers will no longer have to really "do their job", but the computers will do it for them. Although, intelligent policing can convert these modest gains into significant reductions in crime. Within six months of introducing predictive techniques like PredPol in the Foothill area of Los Angeles, in 2011, property crimes had fallen 12% compared with the previous year when it had not been used. The predictive approach works best against burglary and thefts of vehicles or their contents; crimes like these provide plenty of historical data to chew on, however, adding extra types of information, such as details of road networks, can fine-tune forecasts further.
This is significant to me because both me, and my dad, are very interested in crime investigation and types of things like that, so I was very interested in anything related to that. I also think it is so fantastic that they have come up with a technology that actually gets officers ten times closer to catching criminals and solving serious crimes.
http://www.predpol.com
This is significant to me because both me, and my dad, are very interested in crime investigation and types of things like that, so I was very interested in anything related to that. I also think it is so fantastic that they have come up with a technology that actually gets officers ten times closer to catching criminals and solving serious crimes.
http://www.predpol.com
HW due Thursday, July 25
1.
A. Monomer-- 1 repeating unit
B. Dimer-- 2 repeating units
C. Trimer-- 3 repeating units
D. Polymer-- unlimited
3. Natural polymers= medicines, food additives, cotton, and silk
Synthetic polymers= paint components, fabrics, and rubbers
6. The term unsaturated is used to explain the structures of alkenes and alkynes since not all carbon atoms are bonded to their full potential with four other atoms.; plus, alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds.
13. See drawing.
11.
A. Riding a bike= i
B. Illuminating a lightbulb= iii
C. Producing electricity in a wind-powered generator= i
D. Running a gasoline-powered lawn mower= ii
12. The left over 75% of the energy is lost because of the surrounding thermal energy, A.K.A. heat.
HW due Wednesday, July 24
31.
A. Propane, C3H8
B. Pentane, C5H12
A. See drawing
B. The straighter the chain, the higher the boiling point.
A. A short-straight chain would have the lowest boiling point because of the weaker intermolecular forces. And because of this the bonds are much easier to break apart.
B. A short-branched chain would have the lowest boiling point because longer branched-chains have a stronger molecular force.
C. A long, straight chain has a lower boiling point because it has a weaker intermolecular force than a short, branched-chain.
A. Potential energy is energy of position, or stored energy, which is ready to be released. An example of potential energy is the energy within a skate board on top of a hill.
B. Kinetic energy is energy related to motion. The skateboard going down the hill represents kinetic energy.
A. Potential energy.
B. Potential energy.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Potential energy.
E. Kinetic energy.
A. Exothermic; energy is released
B. Endothermic; energy is needed
C. Endothermic; energy is needed
Monday, July 22, 2013
HW due Tuesday, July 23
Page 233 #1-30 (except 2, 4, 9, 14, 24, and 25)
1. Molecular compound that only contains atoms of hydrogen and carbon.
3. It is not a renewable resource; however, it is very adaptable and is used to generate heat, electricity, and energy.
5. Oil is crude because it is pumped from below the ground and it cannot be used in its natural state unless it has a little bit of refinement in which it is separated into simpler mixtures using distillation.
6.
A. 0.11 x 20,000,000= 2,200,000 barrels
B. 0.89 x 20,000,000= 17,800,000 barrels
7. Heating and cooking fuel, petrochemicals, refined oils, gas oil, heavy furnace oil, diesel fuel oil, and lubricating oil.
8.
A. Water bottle, sports equipment, and clothing.
B. A water bottle can be made out of aluminum, and you can use bamboo to improve it flexibility and lightness.
10.
A. The Middle East has the most petroleum reserves relative to its population.
B. Central Asia, Far East, and Oceania have the least petroleum reserves relative to its population.
11.
A. North America, Central Asia, Far East, and Oceania, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe consume a greater proportion of the world’s supply of petroleum than they possess.
B. The Middle East, Africa, and Central and South America consume a smaller proportion of the world’s supply of petroleum than they possess.
12. Density can be used to separate two different liquids if the substances are insoluble.
13. Water and acetone would be the easiest to separate from each other by distillation because water has the highest boiling point, and acetone has the lowest of the four substances, water and acetone would separate fairly quickly and easily by distillation.
15.
16. Fractional distillation differs from simple distillation because fractional distillation does not separate each substance in crude oil. Instead, it produces many different mixtures called fractions. Fractional distillation is a continuous process that consists of a distillation column and various temperatures in order to separate solutions. Simple distillation only involves a apparatus and separates a solution using evaporation and condensation.
17. Products derived from light include motor gasoline and refined oil. Products derived from intermediate include gas oil and heavy furnace oil. Products derived from heavy include lubricating oil/grease and heavy oils/wax.
18. The highest boiling point in a distillation column would most likely be removed at the bottom because the thick liquids never vaporize.
19. After fractional distillation, a way to further separate the mixtures is distillation.
20. Methane, pentane, hexane, octane. The higher the boiling point is, the stronger the intermolecular forces.
21. A covalent bond is the sharing of 2 or more valence electrons between 2 atoms, allowing both atoms to completely fill out their outer shells.
22. Atoms with filled are particularly stable, and therefore, tend to be chemically uncreative. Noble gases are atoms with filled outer electron shells.
17. Products derived from light include motor gasoline and refined oil. Products derived from intermediate include gas oil and heavy furnace oil. Products derived from heavy include lubricating oil/grease and heavy oils/wax.
18. The highest boiling point in a distillation column would most likely be removed at the bottom because the thick liquids never vaporize.
19. After fractional distillation, a way to further separate the mixtures is distillation.
20. Methane, pentane, hexane, octane. The higher the boiling point is, the stronger the intermolecular forces.
21. A covalent bond is the sharing of 2 or more valence electrons between 2 atoms, allowing both atoms to completely fill out their outer shells.
22. Atoms with filled are particularly stable, and therefore, tend to be chemically uncreative. Noble gases are atoms with filled outer electron shells.
23. Since the two dogs desire the sock, they must share it, although they desire to have it for themselves; like repelling electrons, the dogs pull away from each other, but are still connected by the bond they share with the sock connecting them.
26. A) A structural formula shows the makeup of a molecule, as well as how high the boiling point is, where as a molecular formula just shows the amount of atoms each element in the formula possesses.
B) The structure of a formula shows how strong molecular bonds within the formula is, as well as the boiling point of the formula.
27. See drawings.
28. The electron-dot representation of a carbon atom only shows four dots because the four dots represent the valence electrons, located on the outer (and not inner) shell of the atom, where two electrons are located.
29.
A. C9H20
B. C16H34
C. C10H22
D. C18H38
30.
A. 128g
B. 226g
C. 142g
D. 254g
Blog Post
The phrase "global
warming" is used by scientists all over the world to describe the unusual
increase in the Earth's surface temperature that has been occurring since the beginning
of the 20th century. However, they prefer the use of the phrase "climate
change" to describe the complex changes the Earth's climate is undergoing.
The rising temperature of the planet will produce heat waves, declining air
quality. A raise in temperature can also harm illnesses carried by insects that
proliferate in warmer temperatures. The extinctions or many species, such as
birds, and frogs, are also put in danger by global warming, if they are not
able to adapt to the climate changes.
Sunday, July 21, 2013
HW due Monday, July 22
 |
| *** #18 (B) |
 |
| *** #18 (A) |
4SBS #1-8
1. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation and
its energy are proportional. This means that high frequency radiation is high-
energy radiation, as well.
2. The word spectrum
is a good way to describe the different types of energy within electromagnetic
radiation due to the fact that the spectrum exemplifies the range of energy.
3. Visible light is useful in plant photosynthesis;
however, other forms of electromagnetic radiation aren’t since visible
radiation can strengthen electrons in chemical bonds; therefore, providing
energy needed for photosynthesis.
4.
A. Inferred radiation, visible radiation, and
ultraviolet radiation.
B. Infrared
radiation is basically heat energy; it keeps living things warms. Visible
radiation can strengthen electrons in chemical bonds; for example:
photosynthesis. Ultraviolet radiation may cause sunburns, various skin
diseases, and can kill bacteria, and ultraviolet radiation is a necessity for
humans.
5. Ultraviolet light is used to sterilize things,
such as protective goggles. Also, UV-C radiation is the most energetic and kills
bacteria and destroys viruses. This is due to the fact that UV-C photons have
enough energy to break covalent bonds.
6. Carbon dioxide and water vapor are two natural
green house gases that absorb infared radiation and reradiate the energy back
to Earth. Typiucally on a nice
day, nearly 90% of visible radiation that is directed toward Earth moves to the
Earth's surface. UV-C radiation is immersed within the stratosphere before it
reaches the Earth's surface.
7. As greenhouse
gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor are formed, more infrared
radiation is absorbed; therefore, more energy is reradiated on earth's surface,
hotter water affects the hydrologic cycle, and thus, Earth is hotter.
8.
A. Lake water reflects light and absorbs and stores
heat. Asphalt, such as snow, sand, or concrete, warms up when exposed to
sunlight; therefore, heating. This is due to the fact that when solar
radiation strikes these materials, it is reflected and illuminated back into
space.
B. Water acts as
a greenhouse gas and absorbs infrared light and reradiates it back to earth's
surface, then the asphalt directly reflects light sources back up into space.
4SBS #14-20
14. CO2 in the atmosphere, as well as water vapor
help maintain moderate temperatures since they are both greenhouse gases;
therefore, they will absorb infrared radiation and help maintain temperature.
15.
A. Increase the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere:
Natural process:
breathing, bacterial decay
Human process:
agricultural, industrial process and the burning of fossil fuels
B. Increase the amount of CH4
in the atmosphere:
Natural process:
decomposition product of animal waste
Human process: refining
fossil fuels or raising livestock
16. An increase in greenhouse/ atmospheric gases,
which causes higher pressure, would cause the average surface temperature to
increase in the composition of the atmosphere, and the decrease of
greenhouse/atmospheric gases, which causes lower pressure, would cause the
average surface temperature to decrease would be.
17. A green house with transparent glass walls is
much warmer than a structure with opaque wooden walls because the inferred
light would not be able to escape the glass; thus, this is pretty much how
greenhouse gases work.
18.
A. *****
B. *****
19. Atmospheric CO2 gas, solid calcium carbonate found
within limestone, natural gas, and organic molecules.
20. Photosynthesis could be the cause of why carbon
atoms could be part of the atmosphere as a gas; furthermore, they could be part
of the lithosphere due to plant or animal decay.
Thursday, July 18, 2013
HW due Friday, July 19
2SDS pg. 204 #7-13
7. An alloy is a solid combination of
atoms made up of two or more metals.
8. Two alloys I use regularly are Cutlery
steel for utensils that I use to eat and Carat gold which is in a lot of the
jewelry that I own.
9. Carbon is a nonmetal that is a part
of both steel and stainless steel.
10. Chromium- platinum, also known as
Cr3Pt, is a sturdy alloy that creates the basis of many razor blade edges.
11. Elements that act as
semi-conductors are commonly known as metalloids. They lay in between metals
and nonmetals, and they exemplify characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.
12. Three elements frequently used
for doping semiconductors are phosphorus, arsenic, and gallium.
13. The primary use of the products of semi conductor
technology is for letting computers process digital information; many
semi-conductor devices have integrated circuits that are used in commuters and
other electronic devices, as well.
Bedtime Stories
Research by Yvonne Kelly of University College, London, proved that the ancient wisdom, in which parents urged their children to sleep routinely at an early time, is not entirely correct. While daughters benefit from regular bedtimes, Kelly has shown that sons do not. She began her observations by viewing the connections between sleep habits and mental abilities in teens and adults around the world. Her data exemplified that sleeping schedules went hand in hand with poor academic performance. However, it was surprising to discover that not a lot of people had researched sleep habits for children under the age of 18. Thus, she and a team of colleagues began a multidisciplinary research project called the Millennium Cohort Study; an examination of bedtimes and cognitive abilities of 11,178 children. This project occurred when the children were nine months, three years, five years and seven years old. Kelly and her colleagues tested whether the children were read to before sleeping, had televisions in their bedrooms, or had a regular, set bedtime. To test their IQ’s, the children were also asked, at the ages of three, five and seven, to take standardized reading, mathematical and spatial-awareness tests. Dr Kelly’s report, just published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, shows that by the time children had reached the age of seven, not having had a regular bedtime did seem to affect their reasoning, even when other relevant variables such as bedtime reading and televisions were controlled for. But that was true only if they were female. Also, on the IQ scale, whose mean value is 100 points, girls who had had regular bedtimes scored between eight and nine points more than those who did not; however, boys were not completely unaffected. Irregular bedtimes left their IQs about six points below those of their contemporaries at the age of three. But the distinction disappeared as they grew older. We found this article important because we never knew that there was sleep a difference between the sexes. Even Dr. Kelly did not expect it and she has no explanation to offer for it.
Wednesday, July 17, 2013
HW due Thursday, July 18
1. An allatrope is a different form of an element which contains very different physical and chemical properties.
2. Nitrogen, oxygen, sulfer, and lead.
3.
A. Diamonds are very expensive. A diamond is hardest substance known, does not conduct electricity, has a very high melting point, and is very difficult to find. Coal is flammable and very inexpensive. Lead inside of a pencil, which is made out of graphite, conducts electricity, is very, and inexpensive.
B. The properties of each of these differ because, even though they all come from the same element, they are allotropes of carbon, so they have different atomic arrangements.
C. he structure of carbon atoms in a diamond gives it its high melting point, hard shell, and rareness, which then causes it to be very expensive. The atomic makeup of graphite and coal causes them to be more common, reactive, and softer; thus, they cost less.
4. Engineered materials are materials made by scientists or engineers to improve natural materials by manufacturing methods that control the microstructure of materials. The makeup of natural materials is untouched and uncontrolled.
5. Ceramics are sturdy and have extremely high melting points. They are also strong at high temperatures; but, ceramics are brittle and when they are in high heat, or very cold, they crack.
6. Plastics can be customized to be either soft or hard, and it can also be made into optical fibers. Optical fibers replace copper wires, as well.
Tuesday, July 16, 2013
HW due Wednesday, July 17
2SCS #13-21 p. 181
13.
A. 6 moles
B. 5 moles
C. 5 moles
14.
A. 1 mole
B. 621 g
C. 28 g
D. 415 g
15.
14 + 16 + 16 = 46
32/46 = 70%, not 67%
16.
A. Ag2S is 87% silver
B. Al2O3 is 53% aluminum
C. CaCO3 is 40% calcium
17.
A. PbSO4 is 68% lead
B. 10% PbSO4 is in the ore sample
C. 6.8% Pb is in the total ore sample
D. 10% lead in the PbSO4 ore
18.
A. Reusing is when a product is used again for the same purpose. For example: recycling means that a product is used again, or gray water is also an example of reusing.
B. 2 instances of recycling are creating compost piles and adding scraps of fruits and vegetables to make your soil nutrient. 2 examples of reusing are clothes and books.
19.
A. 4 examples of renewable resources are solar energy, biomass, geothermal, and wind.
B. 4 examples of nonrenewable resources are coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium.
20.
A. Reusing
B. Recycling
C. Recycling
21. A light bulb would only be recyclable because once it dies out, you cannot use it again; however, a magazine would be recyclable and reusable.
Homework due Tuesday, July 16
1. The law of conservation of matter states that matter
is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
2. A scientific law summarizes what has been
learned according to careful observation of nature.
3. Expressions such as "using up" and
"throwing away" can be very misleading since one might think that
matter is lost since you are getting rid of it; however, matter is neither
created nor destroyed and atoms are forever there.
4.
a.
Reactants: Sn-1 H-1 F-1
Products: Sn-1 H-2 F-2
· not balanced because the number of atoms per element on the reactant and
products side is not the same, or balanced.
b.
Reactants:
Si-1 O-2 C-1
Products: Si-1 O-1 C-2
· not balanced because the number of atoms per element on the reactant and
products side is not the same, or balanced.
c.
Reactants: Al-1 O-3 H-6 Cl-3
Products: Al-1 O-3 H-6 Cl-3
· balanced because the number of atoms per element on the reactant
and products side is the same.
5.
a. The coefficient for H (g) is 3
b. The coefficient for NH3 gas is 2
c. The coefficient for N (g) is 1
6.
a. 1 WO3 + 3 H2
--> 1 W + 3 H2O
b. 2 PbS + 3 O2
--> 2 PbO + 2 SO2
c. 4 Fe + 3 O2
--> 2 Fe2O3
7.
a. 1 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3 H2SO4
--> 2 H3PO4 + 3 CaSO4
b. 2 C8H18 + 25 O2
--> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
8.
a. Yes
Reactants: Na-2 S-1 O-4 K-2 Cl-1
Products: Na-2 S-1 O-4 K-2 Cl-1
b. No, because the subscripts remain the same, but
the coefficients are altered to balance the equation.
c. 1 Na2SO4 + 2 KCl
--> 2 NaCl + 1 K2SO4
9. It would take 400,000 seconds to spend one
mole of dollars. (10 * 10^9)
10.
a. O2: 32 g
b. O3: 48 g
c. CaCO3: 100 g
d. Mg(OH)2: 58 g
e. C9H8O4: 180 g
Sunday, July 14, 2013
HW due Monday, July 15
2SBS #9-22 pg. 151
9.
·
It is much more difficult to process and refine active
metals as opposed to less active metals because metals that are more active
combine with other elements which then form compounds; however, less active
metals stay unconnected.
10.
·
Silver would most likely be the easiest to process since
it does not react; thus, it does not combine with other elements or metals.
11.
·
Most elements exist in nature as minerals as opposed
to pure metallic elements since they are more reactive.
12.
·
Reaction A is more likely to occur. This is due to the
fact that chromium is less reactive than calcium.
13.
·
Reaction B is more likely to occur because zinc is
more reactive than silver; thus, putting a reactive metal in a solution that is
not reactive would trigger a reaction.
14.
•
A. It wouldn’t be a good idea to stir a solution of
lead nitrate with an iron spoon because the iron would cause a reaction since
it is more reactive then lead.
•
B. Pb2(aq) + Fe(s) à
Pb(s) + Fe2(aq)
15.
·
Oxidation means the loss of at least 1 electron that
causes a metal to become a cation or an aqueous solution, and reduction is the
gain or loss of electrons that causes a cation or aqueous solution to balance out;
thus becoming a metal.
16.
•
A. Au3+ + 3e à Au
•
B. V à V4+ +
4e-
•
C. Cu+ à Cu2+ +
e-
17.
•
A. reduction
•
B. oxidation
•
C. reduction
18.
•
A. Zn was oxidized b/c 2 electrons were lost. It went
from a solid to an aqueous solution/
•
B. Ni was reduced b/c 2 electrons were gained. It went
from an aqueous solution to a solid/metal.
•
C. The reducing agent was Zn.
19.
•
A. K+ was oxidized b/c it lost an electron. It became an
aqueous solution.
•
B. Hg was reduced b/c it gained 2 electrons. It became
a solid.
•
C. The oxidizing agent was Hg2+.
20.
•
A. Al + Cr3
à Al3 +
Cr
•
B. Mn2 + Mg à Mn +
Mg2
21.
•
A. Electrometallurgy uses an electrical current to decrease
metal ions by supplying electrons.
•
B. Pyrometallurgy heats metals and ores to change
metal cations to atoms.
•
C. Hydrometallurgy uses reactants in water solutions
to take care of ores and other metal-containing substances.
22.
•
A. Magnesiumà Electrometallurgy.
•
B. Leadà Pyrometallurgy.
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